By: Dr. Adnan Bouzan
Introduction:
René Descartes (1596–1650), the French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, stands as one of the most influe…
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We Have Another Opinion | When Silence Becomes Complicity in Crime
By Dr. Adnan Bouzan We are not among those who speak recklessly, nor among those who wake up too late to shout after it is all over. What we...
Collective Consciousness in Émile Durkheim: From Social Frameworks to the Foundation of the Sociology of Knowledge
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By Dr. Adnan Bozan
Introduction:
At the cradle of Western philosophy and throughout its intricate paths, the question of the relationship between kno…
Capital as a Philosophical Horizon: Marx and the Critique of Capitalist Modernity
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By Dr. Adnan Bozan
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In the history of human thought, few books have provoked as much controversy, exerted such profound influence, and…
Readings in the Critical, the Sociological, and the Aesthetic The Dialectic of Concepts and the Transformations of Discourse
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By Dr. Adnan Bozan
Introduction
In the beginning, there was not the idea, but sensation. Not the system, but taste. And man was not a thinking being…
Why Was Marxist Philosophy Called "Dialectical Materialism"?
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Marxist philosophy stands as one of the most influential intellectual traditions in modern history—not only in terms of ideas but…
Towards a New Social Contract: Federalism as a Political and Legal Necessity for Syria’s Future
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By: Dr. Adnan Bozan
Federalism: From State Crisis to a New National Architecture
At a time when the traditional meanings of sovereignty have collapse…
Karl Marx and The Poverty of Philosophy: Between Revolution and the Critical Method
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By Dr. Adnan Bozan
Amid the profound transformations that swept through 19th-century Europe, a new economic order emerged—one built on large-scale in…
Existentialism, Reason, and Freedom: Embodying Liberty in the Becoming of Existence
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By Dr. Adnan Bouzan
At the heart of the existential maze, where man intersects with his most radical questions, emerges the most painful paradox in t…
Revolution and Revolutionary Spirit: Between Radical Transformation and Historical Necessity
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By: Dr. Adnan Bouzan
Introduction
Revolution is a concept that transcends being merely a political or social event; it represents a radical transfor…
Strong as Their Mountains: A Journey into Kurdish Culture
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By: Dr. Adnan Bozan
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Kurdish culture is considered one of the richest in the world, with roots that run deep into history. It is disti…
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